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Self closing flood barrier for subway12/6/2023 Studies highlight multiple impacts of subsurface temperature rises on urban areas. A recent review of the literature suggests that subsurface heat islands are causing in various cities across the world an increase in average ground temperature between 0.1 and 2.5 ☌ per decade down to 100 m of depth 22. Proportional to urban density and population 6, 19, and dependent on topography and hydrogeology of the urban space 20, subsurface urban heat islands are an alarming phenomenon for urban areas, which can often be more intense than their surface counterpart 21. Therefore, subsurface urban heat islands can partly be considered as the underground thermal imprint of meteorological urban heat islands 18. As the ground temperature (e.g., beyond the shallowest 4–6 m down to 50–100 m) is typically close to the mean annual surface air temperature, and the air temperature is increasing due to urban heat islands, the ground is also warming up. Rises in air temperature above the ground due to the daily absorption from construction materials of solar radiation and other heat sources are leading to meteorological urban heat islands 16, 17. Another cause of subsurface heat islands, developing over timescales of centuries, consists of meteorological influences. Underground pipelines, sewers, high-voltage cables, and district heating systems also heat the ground 15. Underground transport repeatedly impacts the temperature field of the subsurface with heat emitted by trains braking, or cars and people traveling 11, 12, 13, 14. Buildings and infrastructures continuously inject heat into the ground due to thermal losses associated with indoor heating and operating appliances 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The leading cause, developing over timescales of years, consists of thermal perturbations of the underground due to anthropogenic activity. This underground climate change has two types of causes: anthropogenic and meteorological. The ground beneath urban areas is warming up, leading to subsurface urban heat islands 1. Overall, this work suggests that underground climate change can represent a silent hazard for civil infrastructure in the Chicago Loop and other urban areas worldwide, but also an opportunity to reutilize or minimize waste heat in the ground. Therefore, the impact of underground climate change on civil infrastructure should be considered in future urban planning strategies to avoid possible structural damage and malfunction. These deformations and displacements are significant and, on a case-by-case basis, may be incompatible with the operational requirements of civil structures. A 3-D computer model informed by data collected via a network of temperature sensors is used to characterize the ground temperature variations, deformations, and displacements caused by underground climate change. The Chicago Loop district is used as a case study. Here I explore if ground deformations caused by subsurface heat islands might affect civil infrastructure. Soils, rocks, and construction materials deform under the influence of temperature variations and excessive deformations can affect the performance of civil infrastructure. The SCFB overcomes all the issues associated with these flood defences, and has the considerable advantage of not requiring any intervention during a flood warning, the SCFB using the approaching floodwaters to automatically raise the barrier effectively using the problem to create the solution.Urban areas increasingly suffer from subsurface heat islands: an underground climate change responsible for environmental, public health, and transportation issues. For deploy of the more traditional type of manually operated flood-doors and floodgates systems you need warning time and time to set up the barrier which you don't have in these cases. Rapid onset flooding cost by heavy rainfall causes the greatest damage to underground parking, metrostation and all other lower entrance. The barrier systems have proved to be the best flood protection and has already been built and installed in several countries around the globe. This system has been developed in the Netherlands to provide optimal protection against extreme high water levels. A unique effective flood defense system to protect people and property from inland waterway floods caused by heavy rainfall, gales or rapid melting snow.
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